Italian Adjectives: The 100 Most Useful (A1)

🇮🇹 Italian · 100 cards · A1 · by Giulia Ferrante

These are the 100 adjectives I teach first, because they are the ones my students need in week one: ordering food, describing a hotel room, complaining about a train, saying how they feel.

Two things make adjectives in Italian trickier than they look. Agreement: most end in -o and have four forms (-o, -a, -i, -e), but a large group ends in -e and has only two. Position: adjectives normally follow the noun, yet bello, buono, grande, primo, altro, stesso usually come before it, and bello changes shape there.

Watch the false friends as well: simpatico, nervoso, bravo, economico. The notes flag each one. Learn the whole example sentence, not just the word.

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All 100 cards

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1buono
Before a masculine singular noun it shortens to buon: un buon vino. Comparative: migliore.
good, tasty
Il caffè qui è sempre buono.
The coffee here is always good.
2cattivo
Of people: naughty, mean. Of food or smells: bad, off.
bad, naughty
Oggi il bambino è stato cattivo.
The child was naughty today.
3grande
Two forms only: grande / grandi. Before a noun it often means "great": un grande artista.
big, large
Milano è una città molto grande.
Milan is a very big city.
4piccolo
Four forms: piccolo, piccola, piccoli, piccole.
small, little
Questa maglietta mi sta piccola.
This T-shirt is too small on me.
5bello
Before a noun it follows the article pattern: bel film, bello specchio, bell'uomo, bei fiori, begli occhi.
beautiful, nice
Che bella giornata!
What a lovely day!
6brutto
Before a noun it means "nasty, unpleasant" rather than ugly.
ugly, nasty
Ho passato una brutta giornata al lavoro.
I had a bad day at work.
7nuovo
Plural: nuovi / nuove.
new
Ti piace la mia macchina nuova?
Do you like my new car?
8vecchio
Plural: vecchi / vecchie. Of people, anziano is politer than vecchio.
old
Questo telefono è troppo vecchio.
This phone is too old.
9giovane
Two forms: giovane / giovani. Also a noun: i giovani = young people.
young
Mio zio sembra ancora giovane.
My uncle still looks young.
10alto
Height of a person: è alto un metro e ottanta.
tall, high
Mio fratello è più alto di me.
My brother is taller than me.
11basso
Use basso for a person's height, never corto.
short (height), low
Il tavolo è troppo basso, mi fa male la schiena.
The table is too low, my back hurts.
12lungo
Masculine plural: lunghi (the h keeps the hard g).
long
Il film era lungo ma bello.
The film was long but good.
13corto
For things and hair. For a person's height use basso.
short (length)
Ho i capelli corti adesso.
I have short hair now.
14caldo
Weather: fa caldo. Person: ho caldo. Never "sono caldo", which is wrong and can sound sexual.
hot, warm
Attenta, il piatto è caldo!
Careful, the plate is hot!
15freddo
Same pattern: fa freddo (weather), ho freddo (I'm cold).
cold
Fuori fa freddo, metti la giacca.
It's cold outside, put your jacket on.
16facile
Two forms: facile / facili.
easy
L'esercizio era facile, l'ho finito subito.
The exercise was easy, I finished it straight away.
17difficile
Two forms: difficile / difficili.
difficult, hard
Trovare parcheggio qui è difficile.
Finding parking here is difficult.
18contento
The everyday word for feeling happy about something; more common than felice in speech.
happy, pleased, glad
Sono contenta di vederti.
I'm glad to see you.
19felice
Deeper and more lasting than contento. Two forms: felice / felici.
happy
Oggi mi sento felice senza motivo.
Today I feel happy for no reason.
20triste
Two forms: triste / tristi.
sad
Perché hai la faccia triste?
Why do you look sad?
21stanco
Masculine plural: stanchi. Stanco morto = shattered (informal).
tired
Sono stanco morto, vado a letto.
I'm dead tired, I'm going to bed.
22malato
For a passing illness people usually say: non sto bene.
ill, sick
Mia figlia è malata, resta a casa.
My daughter is ill, she's staying home.
23pronto
"Pronto?" is also how Italians answer the phone.
ready
La cena è pronta, venite a tavola!
Dinner is ready, come to the table!
24occupato
Also for a seat or a toilet: è occupato.
busy, taken, engaged
Ti richiamo dopo, adesso sono occupato.
I'll call you back later, I'm busy now.
25libero
Free as in available, not free of charge (that's gratuito / gratis).
free, available, vacant
Scusi, questo posto è libero?
Excuse me, is this seat free?
26pieno
At the petrol station: il pieno, per favore.
full
Il treno era pieno di turisti.
The train was full of tourists.
27vuoto
Four forms: vuoto, vuota, vuoti, vuote.
empty
Il frigo è vuoto, dobbiamo fare la spesa.
The fridge is empty, we need to do the shopping.
28aperto
Past participle of aprire, used as an adjective. Shop sign: APERTO.
open
Il supermercato è aperto fino alle otto.
The supermarket is open until eight.
29chiuso
Shop sign: CHIUSO. Chiuso per ferie = closed for the holidays.
closed, shut
La farmacia è chiusa la domenica.
The pharmacy is closed on Sundays.
30caro
Before a noun it means "dear": caro amico, cara mamma.
expensive, dear
Questo ristorante è troppo caro.
This restaurant is too expensive.
31economico
In everyday speech it means "affordable", not "economic". Masculine plural: economici.
cheap, inexpensive
Cerco un hotel economico in centro.
I'm looking for a cheap hotel in the centre.
32ricco
Also ricco di = rich in, full of. Masculine plural: ricchi.
rich
Non sono ricco, ma non mi lamento.
I'm not rich, but I'm not complaining.
33povero
Before the noun it expresses pity; after it, lack of money.
poor
Povero cane, ha freddo.
Poor dog, it's cold.
34forte
Also "loud" (la musica è troppo forte) and, informally, "cool, great".
strong, loud
Il vento è troppo forte oggi.
The wind is too strong today.
35debole
Two forms: debole / deboli.
weak
Qui il segnale è debole.
The signal is weak here.
36veloce
Two forms: veloce / veloci. In speech also used as an adverb: mangia veloce!
fast, quick
Il tuo computer è più veloce del mio.
Your computer is faster than mine.
37lento
Adverb: lentamente.
slow
Il servizio qui è molto lento.
The service here is very slow.
38pulito
Past participle of pulire, also used as an adjective.
clean
Le camere sono sempre pulite.
The rooms are always clean.
39sporco
Masculine plural: sporchi.
dirty
Hai le mani sporche, lavale.
Your hands are dirty, wash them.
40bagnato
Bagnato fradicio = soaked through.
wet
Sono tornata a casa tutta bagnata.
I got home soaking wet.
41asciutto
For dry weather or dry wine use secco.
dry
I panni non sono ancora asciutti.
The laundry isn't dry yet.
42dolce
Two forms: dolce / dolci. Also a noun: un dolce = a dessert.
sweet, gentle
Questo vino è troppo dolce per me.
This wine is too sweet for me.
43salato
Colloquially un conto salato is a steep bill.
salty, savoury
La pasta è un po' salata.
The pasta is a bit salty.
44amaro
Also a noun: un amaro = a bitter digestif.
bitter
Il caffè senza zucchero è amaro.
Coffee without sugar is bitter.
45piccante
Never caldo for spicy food. Two forms: piccante / piccanti.
spicy, hot
Se è troppo piccante, bevi un po' d'acqua.
If it's too spicy, drink some water.
46fresco
Cool (drinks, evening air) and fresh (food). Masculine plural: freschi.
cool, fresh
Mi porta dell'acqua fresca, per favore?
Could you bring me some cool water, please?
47maturo
Of fruit: ripe. Of people: mature, grown-up.
ripe, mature
Queste pere non sono ancora mature.
These pears aren't ripe yet.
48crudo
Prosciutto crudo = cured (not cooked) ham.
raw, uncooked
Il pollo è ancora crudo dentro.
The chicken is still raw inside.
49cotto
Informal: innamorato cotto = head over heels in love.
cooked, done
La pasta è cotta, scolala.
The pasta is done, drain it.
50delizioso
In everyday speech buonissimo is even more common.
delicious, lovely
Il tuo tiramisù era delizioso.
Your tiramisu was delicious.
51leggero
Masculine plural: leggeri. Opposite of pesante, not of scuro.
light (in weight), mild
Stasera mangio qualcosa di leggero.
Tonight I'll eat something light.
52pesante
Of a person it means tiresome, hard to take (informal).
heavy
La valigia è troppo pesante per me.
The suitcase is too heavy for me.
53duro
Also figurative: una giornata dura.
hard, tough
Il pane di ieri è duro.
Yesterday's bread is hard.
54morbido
Soft to the touch. For a soft, quiet voice say: a voce bassa.
soft
Che cuscino morbido!
What a soft pillow!
55comodo
Also means convenient: un orario comodo.
comfortable, handy
Queste scarpe sono comode per camminare.
These shoes are comfortable for walking.
56scomodo
Masculine plural: scomodi.
uncomfortable, inconvenient
Il divano è bello ma scomodo.
The sofa is nice but uncomfortable.
57utile
Two forms: utile / utili.
useful
Questa app è utile per viaggiare.
This app is useful for travelling.
58inutile
È inutile + infinitive = there's no point in doing something.
useless, pointless
È inutile discutere adesso.
There's no point arguing now.
59importante
Two forms: importante / importanti.
important
Domani ho una riunione importante.
Tomorrow I have an important meeting.
60interessante
Two forms: interessante / interessanti.
interesting
Il documentario di ieri era interessante.
Yesterday's documentary was interesting.
61noioso
Of a person: annoying, tiresome.
boring
La lezione di oggi è stata noiosa.
Today's lesson was boring.
62divertente
Two forms: divertente / divertenti.
fun, funny, entertaining
I tuoi amici sono davvero divertenti.
Your friends are really fun.
63simpatico
False friend: it does not mean "sympathetic". Masculine plural: simpatici.
nice, likeable, friendly
La vicina di casa è molto simpatica.
The next-door neighbour is very nice.
64antipatico
Quite direct: it says you dislike the person. Masculine plural: antipatici.
unpleasant, unlikeable
Il cameriere è stato antipatico con noi.
The waiter was unpleasant to us.
65gentile
Two forms: gentile / gentili. Gentile Signora opens a formal letter.
kind, polite
Grazie, sei stato molto gentile.
Thank you, you've been very kind.
66bravo
False friend: "brave" is coraggioso. Bravo a + infinitive (bravo a cucinare), bravo in + school subject (bravo in matematica).
good at something, well-behaved
Mio figlio è bravo a scuola.
My son does well at school.
67intelligente
Two forms: intelligente / intelligenti.
intelligent, smart
Il tuo cane sembra intelligente.
Your dog seems smart.
68stupido
Mild about things; offensive when said to a person.
stupid, silly
Ho fatto un errore stupido.
I made a stupid mistake.
69pazzo
Informal; matto is a common synonym. Masculine plural: pazzi.
crazy, mad
Sei pazzo a guidare con questo tempo!
You're mad to drive in this weather!
70tranquillo
Stai tranquillo! = take it easy, don't worry. Also of a place: un quartiere tranquillo.
calm, quiet, relaxed
Stai tranquilla, arrivo fra poco.
Don't worry, I'll be there soon.
71rumoroso
Of people, chiassoso is more common.
noisy
L'albergo era rumoroso, non ho dormito.
The hotel was noisy, I didn't sleep.
72nervoso
False friend: "nervous" before an event is agitato or emozionato.
edgy, irritable
Prima degli esami divento nervoso.
Before exams I get edgy.
73arrabbiato
Arrabbiato con qualcuno, per qualcosa.
angry
Mia madre è arrabbiata con me.
My mother is angry with me.
74geloso
Geloso di qualcuno.
jealous
Non essere geloso, è solo un amico.
Don't be jealous, he's just a friend.
75innamorato
Innamorato di + person or thing.
in love
Sono innamorata di questa città.
I'm in love with this city.
76sposato
Sposato con + person. Fidanzato covers both "engaged" and "in a steady relationship".
married
Sei sposato o fidanzato?
Are you married or in a relationship?
77straniero
Also a noun: uno straniero = a foreigner.
foreign
In classe ci sono molti studenti stranieri.
There are many foreign students in the class.
78italiano
Lowercase in Italian, unlike English. Also the name of the language.
Italian
Preferisco il caffè italiano.
I prefer Italian coffee.
79stesso
Goes before the noun, after the article. Following a pronoun it means "-self": io stesso.
same
Prendiamo lo stesso treno domani mattina.
We're taking the same train tomorrow morning.
80diverso
Diverso da. In the plural before a noun it means "several": diverse persone.
different
Il suo accento è diverso dal mio.
His accent is different from mine.
81altro
Always before the noun; l'altro giorno = the other day.
other, another
Vuoi un altro caffè?
Do you want another coffee?
82primo
Goes before the noun. Il primo is also the first course of a meal.
first
Il primo giorno è sempre difficile.
The first day is always hard.
83ultimo
Last in a series. For "last week/year" use scorso.
last, final
Questo è l'ultimo autobus della sera.
This is the last bus of the evening.
84prossimo
La prossima settimana = next week; la settimana prossima is equally common.
next
Scendo alla prossima fermata.
I'm getting off at the next stop.
85scorso
Used with time words, after the noun: la settimana scorsa, il mese scorso.
last, past
L'anno scorso sono stata in Sicilia.
Last year I went to Sicily.
86vicino
Vicino a + place. Also a noun: il vicino = the neighbour.
near, close, nearby
Il bar è vicino alla stazione.
The café is near the station.
87lontano
Lontano da + place.
far, distant
Abito lontano dal centro.
I live far from the centre.
88giusto
At the end of a sentence, giusto? = right?
right, correct, fair
Hai dato la risposta giusta.
You gave the right answer.
89sbagliato
For a person being wrong say: hai sbagliato or hai torto, not sei sbagliato.
wrong, incorrect
Ho preso il treno sbagliato.
I took the wrong train.
90vero
Vero? at the end of a sentence means "isn't it?"
true, real
È una storia vera, te lo giuro.
It's a true story, I swear.
91sicuro
Sicuro di + noun or infinitive. Also "safe": un quartiere sicuro.
sure, certain, safe
Sei sicuro di voler uscire adesso?
Are you sure you want to go out now?
92possibile
Il prima possibile = as soon as possible.
possible
Non è possibile prenotare online.
It isn't possible to book online.
93strano
Che strano! = how odd!
strange, odd, weird
Ho sentito un rumore strano in cucina.
I heard a strange noise in the kitchen.
94preferito
Always agrees and follows the noun: la mia canzone preferita.
favourite
Il gelato al pistacchio è il mio preferito.
Pistachio ice cream is my favourite.
95gratuito
In speech people usually say gratis, which never changes form.
free (of charge)
L'ingresso al museo è gratuito la domenica.
Entry to the museum is free on Sundays.
96rosso
Also used for red hair: è rossa.
red
Mi passi il vino rosso?
Can you pass me the red wine?
97nero
Colour adjectives go after the noun: una borsa nera.
black
Porto sempre scarpe nere.
I always wear black shoes.
98bianco
Masculine plural: bianchi; feminine plural: bianche.
white
Vorrei una maglietta bianca, taglia media.
I'd like a white T-shirt, medium size.
99verde
Two forms: verde / verdi.
green
Il semaforo è verde, vai!
The light is green, go!
100blu
Invariable: never blui or blua. Azzurro is a lighter, sky blue.
blue (dark blue)
Ha gli occhi blu.
He has blue eyes.
Giulia Ferrante
Native Italian · Speaks English, French

From Bologna, where the food vocabulary alone could fill a deck. I teach Italian to travellers and expats and build decks around the situations they land in first.

Published

Questions about this deck

How do Italian adjectives agree with nouns?
Most adjectives here end in -o and have four forms: alto, alta, alti, alte. A second group ends in -e and has only two: grande/grandi, felice/felici, gentile/gentili. The adjective agrees with the noun it describes, not with the speaker: una casa grande, un libro piccolo. A few, like blu, never change at all.
Do Italian adjectives go before or after the noun?
The default is after the noun: una macchina nuova, un ristorante caro. A small set normally goes before it: bello, buono, grande, piccolo, stesso, altro, primo, ultimo, prossimo. Some change meaning with position: un caro amico is a dear friend but un ristorante caro is expensive; un povero uomo is a poor wretch but un uomo povero has no money; un grande uomo is a great man, un uomo grande a big one.
Why does bello change to bel, bell', bei and begli?
Before a noun, bello copies the pattern of the definite article: il film → un bel film, lo specchio → un bello specchio, l'uomo → un bell'uomo, i fiori → dei bei fiori, gli occhi → dei begli occhi. After the noun or after essere it is regular: la casa è bella. Buono does something similar in the singular: un buon caffè, una buona idea.
Which adjectives in this deck are false friends?
Four to watch. Simpatico means likeable or friendly, not sympathetic. Nervoso means edgy or irritable; "nervous" before an exam is agitato or emozionato. Bravo means good at something or well-behaved, not brave (coraggioso). Economico in everyday speech means cheap or affordable. And remember caldo is temperature only: spicy food is piccante.
Tags:beginner

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