100 Basic Russian Words: Common Vocabulary for Beginners
🇷🇺 Russian · 100 cards · A1 · by Alex Chernikov
These are the 100 Russian words I would give a beginner first: greetings, all the pronouns, the question words, about twenty high-frequency verbs, then people, places, food, time and the small connectors that hold a sentence together.
Two things trip learners up. Stress: it is never printed in real Russian texts, it moves between forms (окно́ → о́кна), and it changes the vowel sounds, so I marked it on every headword. And spelling versus sound: что is said "shto", сего́дня "sivódnya", пожа́луйста loses a whole syllable.
Learn each word inside its example sentence — that way you pick up the grammar for free.
Flip through the cards, then switch to Quiz. Tap the play button on any row to hear it. The full table below is there to read, print or copy into your own flashcard app.
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All 100 cards
| # | Russian | Pronunciation | English | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | да | da | yes | Ты идёшь с нами? — Да, конечно. Are you coming with us? — Yes, of course. | |
| 2 | нет Also means "there isn't": нет вре́мени = there's no time. | net | no; there is no | Нет, спасибо, я не хочу есть. No, thanks, I don't want to eat. | |
| 3 | приве́т Informal — friends, family, people your own age. | privét | hi, hello | Привет! Как ты? Hi! How are you? | |
| 4 | здра́вствуйте The first в is silent: "zdrástvuyte". Use with strangers, staff and older people. | zdrávstvuyte | hello (formal) | Здравствуйте, я к врачу. Hello, I'm here to see the doctor. | |
| 5 | как дела́ Informal (ты). With вы say: Как ва́ши дела́? | kak delá | how are you, how are things | Как дела на работе? How are things at work? | |
| 6 | спаси́бо Thanks for something: спаси́бо за + accusative. | spasíbo | thank you | Большое спасибо за помощь. Thanks a lot for the help. | |
| 7 | пожа́луйста Spoken as "pazhálsta". Same word for "please" and "you're welcome". | pozháluysta | please; you're welcome | Дайте, пожалуйста, два билета. Two tickets, please. | |
| 8 | извини́те Polite (вы); to a friend извини́. A woman says не поняла́. | izviníte | excuse me, sorry | Извините, я вас не понял. Sorry, I didn't understand you. | |
| 9 | пока́ Informal only. | poká | bye | Ну всё, пока! До вечера. Okay, bye! See you tonight. | |
| 10 | до свида́ния Neutral to formal; literally "until (our) meeting". | do svidániya | goodbye | До свидания, хорошего дня! Goodbye, have a good day! | |
| 11 | я Written with a small letter unless it starts the sentence. | ya | I | Я из Москвы, а ты? I'm from Moscow, and you? | |
| 12 | ты | ty | you (singular, informal) | Ты уже дома? Are you home already? | |
| 13 | вы Default with strangers; also the plural "you all". | vy | you (formal or plural) | Вы говорите по-английски? Do you speak English? | |
| 14 | он Also replaces any masculine noun: стол → он. | on | he, it | Он работает в банке. He works at a bank. | |
| 15 | она́ Also replaces any feminine noun: кни́га → она́. | oná | she, it | Она любит кофе без сахара. She likes coffee without sugar. | |
| 16 | мы | my | we | Мы живём рядом с парком. We live next to a park. | |
| 17 | они́ One form for all genders. | oní | they | Они придут в семь. They'll come at seven. | |
| 18 | мой Agrees with the noun: мой, моя́, моё, мои́. | moy | my, mine | Это моя любимая песня. This is my favourite song. | |
| 19 | э́то No verb needed — "is" is not expressed in the present. | éto | this, this is | Это подарок для тебя. This is a present for you. | |
| 20 | кто | kto | who | Кто это тебе сказал? Who told you that? | |
| 21 | что Pronounced "shto". | chto | what; that | Что ты делаешь? What are you doing? | |
| 22 | где "Where at"; "where to" is куда́. | gde | where | Где здесь метро? Where's the metro around here? | |
| 23 | когда́ | kogdá | when | Когда начинается фильм? When does the film start? | |
| 24 | почему́ почему́ = for what reason; заче́м = what for. | pochemú | why | Почему ты не позвонил? Why didn't you call? | |
| 25 | как | kak | how; as | Как это работает? How does this work? | |
| 26 | ско́лько | skólko | how much, how many | Сколько это стоит? How much does this cost? | |
| 27 | быть Dropped in the present: Я студе́нт = I am a student. Past: был, была́, бы́ло. | byt | to be | Я хочу быть учителем. I want to be a teacher. | |
| 28 | хоте́ть Irregular: хочу́, хо́чешь, хо́чет, хоти́м, хоти́те, хотя́т. | khotét | to want | Она хочет поехать на море. She wants to go to the seaside. | |
| 29 | мочь могу́, мо́жешь, мо́жет… For "is it allowed?" use мо́жно. | moch | can, to be able to | Ты можешь мне помочь? Can you help me? | |
| 30 | знать Не зна́ю on its own = "I don't know". | znat | to know | Я не знаю, где он. I don't know where he is. | |
| 31 | ду́мать To think about something: ду́мать о + prepositional. | dúmat | to think | Я думаю, это хорошая идея. I think it's a good idea. | |
| 32 | говори́ть For "to say (once)" Russians use the perfective сказа́ть. | govorít | to speak, to say | Говори громче, я не слышу. Speak louder, I can't hear you. | |
| 33 | понима́ть Perfective поня́ть: Я по́нял / поняла́ = Got it. | ponimát | to understand | Ты понимаешь по-русски? Do you understand Russian? | |
| 34 | де́лать Perfective: сде́лать. | délat | to do, to make | Что будем делать вечером? What shall we do tonight? | |
| 35 | идти́ Pronounced "ittí". By vehicle use е́хать. | idtí | to go (on foot), to walk | Я иду домой пешком. I'm walking home. | |
| 36 | ви́деть First person: ви́жу. ви́деть = see; смотре́ть = watch, look at. | vídet | to see | Я плохо вижу без очков. I can't see well without glasses. | |
| 37 | слу́шать слу́шать = listen; слы́шать = hear. Takes the accusative, no preposition. | slúshat | to listen (to) | Я слушаю музыку в метро. I listen to music on the metro. | |
| 38 | люби́ть First person: люблю́. | lyubít | to love, to like | Я люблю свою работу. I love my job. | |
| 39 | жить живу́, живёшь, живёт… | zhit | to live | Где ты живёшь? Where do you live? | |
| 40 | рабо́тать Also used for shops and devices: лифт не рабо́тает = the lift is out of order. | rabótat | to work; to be open | Магазин работает до десяти. The shop is open until ten. | |
| 41 | чита́ть Perfective: прочита́ть. | chitát | to read | Я читаю книгу в поезде. I'm reading a book on the train. | |
| 42 | писа́ть Stress moves: пишу́, пи́шешь. Perfective: написа́ть. | pisát | to write | Он пишет письмо бабушке. He's writing a letter to his grandmother. | |
| 43 | есть Irregular: ем, ешь, ест, еди́м… The same form means "there is / have": у меня́ есть вре́мя. | yest | to eat; there is | Я ем кашу на завтрак. I eat porridge for breakfast. | |
| 44 | пить пью, пьёшь, пьёт… | pit | to drink | Он пьёт много воды. He drinks a lot of water. | |
| 45 | спать сплю, спишь, спит… | spat | to sleep | По субботам он спит до обеда. On Saturdays he sleeps till lunchtime. | |
| 46 | челове́к Masculine. Irregular plural: лю́ди (people). | chelovék | person, human | Он добрый человек. He's a kind person. | |
| 47 | друг Masculine; a female friend is подру́га. Plural: друзья́. | drug | friend | Мой друг живёт в Берлине. My friend lives in Berlin. | |
| 48 | ма́ма Feminine. Everyday word; мать is more formal. | máma | mum, mom | Мама звонила утром. Mum called in the morning. | |
| 49 | па́па Masculine despite the -а ending: мой па́па. | pápa | dad | Папа готовит ужин. Dad is making dinner. | |
| 50 | семья́ Feminine; plural се́мьи. | semyá | family | Вся семья собралась за столом. The whole family gathered at the table. | |
| 51 | ребёнок Masculine. Irregular plural: де́ти. | rebyónok | child, baby | Ребёнок уснул в коляске. The baby fell asleep in the pram. | |
| 52 | же́нщина Feminine. | zhénshchina | woman | Эта женщина — моя учительница. That woman is my teacher. | |
| 53 | мужчи́на Masculine, but declines like a feminine noun. Pronounced "mushchína". | muzhchína | man | Какой-то мужчина тебя спрашивал. Some man was asking for you. | |
| 54 | и́мя Neuter, irregular. In speech people ask: Как вас зову́т? | ímya | name, first name | Напишите здесь имя и фамилию. Write your first name and surname here. | |
| 55 | дом Masculine; plural дома́. до́ма = at home, домо́й = (to) home. | dom | house, home; block of flats | Они строят дом за городом. They're building a house outside the city. | |
| 56 | кварти́ра Feminine. | kvartíra | flat, apartment | Мы снимаем квартиру в центре. We rent a flat in the centre. | |
| 57 | го́род Masculine; plural города́. | górod | city, town | В нашем городе два вокзала. There are two train stations in our city. | |
| 58 | страна́ Feminine; plural стра́ны. | straná | country | Из какой вы страны? What country are you from? | |
| 59 | у́лица Feminine. На у́лице also simply means "outside". | úlitsa | street | Дети играют на улице. The children are playing outside. | |
| 60 | магази́н Masculine. Not "magazine" — that's журна́л. | magazín | shop, store | В этом магазине всё дорого. Everything's expensive in this shop. | |
| 61 | рабо́та Feminine. на рабо́те = at work; на рабо́ту = to work. | rabóta | work, job | Он рано ушёл на работу. He left for work early. | |
| 62 | шко́ла Feminine. School up to about 17; university is университе́т. | shkóla | school | Дети пошли в школу. The children went to school. | |
| 63 | маши́на Feminine. Literally "machine", but in everyday speech it means "car". | mashína | car | Моя машина в ремонте. My car is being repaired. | |
| 64 | кни́га Feminine. | kníga | book | Я взял книгу в библиотеке. I borrowed a book from the library. | |
| 65 | телефо́н Masculine. по телефо́ну = on the phone. | telefón | phone | Мой телефон разрядился. My phone died. | |
| 66 | стол Masculine. Stress moves to the ending: на столе́. | stol | table, desk | Положи ключи на стол. Put the keys on the table. | |
| 67 | дверь Feminine (ends in -ь). | dver | door | Кто-то стучит в дверь. Someone's knocking at the door. | |
| 68 | вода́ Feminine. The accusative shifts the stress: во́ду. | vodá | water | Вода в кране холодная. The tap water is cold. | |
| 69 | хлеб Masculine; normally uncountable. | khleb | bread | Купи хлеб по дороге домой. Buy bread on the way home. | |
| 70 | еда́ Feminine; no plural. | yedá | food | Еда в самолёте была ужасная. The food on the plane was awful. | |
| 71 | ко́фе Masculine in careful speech (кре́пкий ко́фе); the ending never changes. | kófe | coffee | Здесь варят хороший кофе. They make good coffee here. | |
| 72 | чай Masculine. Common partitive form: нале́й ча́ю. | chay | tea | Хочешь чай или кофе? Do you want tea or coffee? | |
| 73 | де́ньги Plural only — the verb is plural too. Genitive: де́нег. | déngi | money | Деньги у меня в кошельке. The money is in my wallet. | |
| 74 | вре́мя Neuter, irregular: нет вре́мени. Ско́лько вре́мени? = What time is it? | vrémya | time | Время летит быстро. Time flies. | |
| 75 | день Masculine. The е drops out: дня, дни. До́брый день! = Good afternoon! | den | day | Сегодня тёплый день. It's a warm day today. | |
| 76 | ночь Feminine. Споко́йной но́чи! = Good night! | noch | night | Мы всю ночь не спали. We didn't sleep all night. | |
| 77 | у́тро Neuter. До́брое у́тро! = Good morning! | útro | morning | Каждое утро я бегаю в парке. Every morning I go running in the park. | |
| 78 | ве́чер Masculine; plural вечера́. Ве́чером = in the evening. | vécher | evening | Добрый вечер! Проходите, пожалуйста. Good evening! Come in, please. | |
| 79 | год Masculine. After numbers: два го́да, пять лет. | god | year | В этом году мы едем в Грецию. This year we're going to Greece. | |
| 80 | сего́дня Pronounced "sivódnya" — the г sounds like v. | segódnya | today | Сегодня я работаю дома. Today I'm working from home. | |
| 81 | вчера́ | vcherá | yesterday | Вчера был сильный дождь. There was heavy rain yesterday. | |
| 82 | за́втра Don't confuse with за́втрак (breakfast). | závtra | tomorrow | Завтра у меня выходной. Tomorrow is my day off. | |
| 83 | сейча́с Often shortened to щас ("shchas") in fast, casual speech. | seychás | now, right now | Он сейчас на встрече. He's in a meeting right now. | |
| 84 | хоро́ший Adjective: хоро́шая, хоро́шее, хоро́шие. The adverb is хорошо́. | khoróshiy | good | Тут рядом есть хороший ресторан. There's a good restaurant nearby. | |
| 85 | плохо́й Stress on the ending: плоха́я, плохо́е. Adverb: пло́хо (badly). | plokhóy | bad | Погода сегодня плохая. The weather is bad today. | |
| 86 | большо́й Stress stays on the ending: больша́я, большо́е, больши́е. | bolshóy | big, large | Дай мне большую ложку. Give me the big spoon. | |
| 87 | ма́ленький Opposite of большо́й. The adverb ма́ло means "little, not much". | málenkiy | small, little | У них маленькая собака. They have a small dog. | |
| 88 | но́вый | nóvyy | new | Мне нужен новый чемодан. I need a new suitcase. | |
| 89 | ста́рый About people ста́рый sounds blunt; for elderly people say пожило́й. | stáryy | old | Наш дом довольно старый. Our house is fairly old. | |
| 90 | краси́вый Works for people, places and things. | krasívyy | beautiful, good-looking | Какое красивое платье! What a beautiful dress! | |
| 91 | вку́сный For "it tastes good" use the adverb: о́чень вку́сно! | vkúsnyy | tasty, delicious | Какой вкусный торт! What a delicious cake! | |
| 92 | хорошо́ Also a one-word "okay, fine" in reply. | khoroshó | well, good, okay | Всё хорошо, не волнуйся. Everything's fine, don't worry. | |
| 93 | о́чень Stands before adjectives, adverbs and verbs: о́чень краси́вый, о́чень люблю́. | óchen | very, a lot | Мне очень нравится этот фильм. I like this film a lot. | |
| 94 | то́же In negatives: Я то́же не зна́ю = I don't know either. | tózhe | also, too | Я тоже так думаю. I think so too. | |
| 95 | и | i | and | Мы взяли салат и пиццу. We got a salad and a pizza. | |
| 96 | но но = contradiction; а = simple contrast ("whereas"). | no | but | Хочу пойти, но нет времени. I want to go, but I have no time. | |
| 97 | и́ли | íli | or | Позвони мне или напиши сообщение. Call me or send a message. | |
| 98 | не Goes right before the word it negates. Don't confuse it with нет. | ne | not | Я совсем не умею готовить. I can't cook at all. | |
| 99 | здесь Тут is the more colloquial synonym. | zdes | here | Здесь можно заплатить картой? Can I pay by card here? | |
| 100 | там там = location (over there); туда́ = to there. | tam | there | Он ждёт нас там уже час. He's been waiting for us there for an hour. |
Part of the team behind Reji. Publishes and reviews the vocabulary decks on this site.
Questions about this deck
- Why do the Russian words here have accent marks like приве́т?
- The mark shows the stressed syllable. Russian texts never print it, but stress is unpredictable, it moves between forms (стол → на столе́, вода́ → во́ду), and unstressed о is pronounced like "a". Learn every word together with its stress from day one — that single habit fixes most beginner pronunciation problems.
- When should I say ты and when вы?
- Use ты with friends, family, children and usually with people your own age in relaxed settings. Use вы with strangers, shop and office staff, anyone noticeably older, and at work until the other person suggests switching. вы is also the plural "you" for any group. Greetings follow the same split: привет with ты, здравствуйте with вы.
- Why is что pronounced "shto" and сегодня "sivodnya"?
- These are fixed exceptions to the spelling rules. In что and конечно the letter ч is pronounced ш. The letter г is pronounced в in сего́дня, in его́, and in the genitive adjective endings -ого/-его (большо́го = "balshóva"). Also пожа́луйста drops a syllable in speech: "pazhálsta". The cards for что, сегодня and пожалуйста flag this.
- Are 100 words enough to speak Russian?
- Not for free conversation, but enough to handle simple situations: greeting someone, asking where, when and how much, ordering food, saying what you want, what you can do and what you don't understand. These are among the highest-frequency words in the language, so they cover a large share of everyday speech. Add numbers, days of the week and the present-tense endings next.
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