100 Basic German Words for Beginners (A1)

🇩🇪 German · 100 cards · A1 · by Annika Vogel

These are the words I would hand anyone who has just moved here: roughly a hundred items you hear on the U-Bahn, at the bakery counter and in every office kitchen. The small words come first — pronouns, nicht and kein, the question words — because they carry more of a German sentence than any noun does. The verbs come with their irregular present-tense forms in the note, and the nouns with their article and plural, because a German noun without its gender is only half learned. Read each example out loud and memorise the whole sentence, not just the word: that way the word order comes along for free.

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All 100 cards

#GermanEnglishExampleAudio
1jayes
Ja, das stimmt.
Yes, that's right.
2neinno
Nein, das geht leider nicht.
No, unfortunately that doesn't work.
3hallo
Informal but usable all day and with most strangers; in the south you'll hear Grüß Gott instead.
hello, hi
Hallo, wie geht's?
Hi, how are you?
4tschüss
Informal. Auf Wiedersehen is the formal version.
bye
Tschüss, bis morgen!
Bye, see you tomorrow!
5danke
Danke schön or vielen Dank sound a little warmer.
thanks, thank you
Danke für den Kaffee.
Thanks for the coffee.
6bitte
One word, three jobs: request, answer to danke, and handing something over.
please; you're welcome; here you are
Einen Kaffee, bitte.
A coffee, please.
7Entschuldigung
Noun: die Entschuldigung, plural die Entschuldigungen. Used both to get someone's attention and to apologise.
excuse me, sorry
Entschuldigung, wo ist der Bahnhof?
Excuse me, where is the station?
8ich
Only capitalised at the start of a sentence, unlike English 'I'.
I
Ich komme aus Hamburg.
I'm from Hamburg.
9du
Use du with friends, family, children and colleagues your own age; use Sie with strangers and in shops or offices.
you (one person, informal)
Kommst du mit?
Are you coming along?
10er
Also 'it' for der-nouns: Der Zug? Er kommt gleich.
he
Er wohnt in Berlin.
He lives in Berlin.
11sie
Capitalised Sie is formal 'you'. The verb ending tells you which is meant: sie arbeitet (she) vs. sie/Sie arbeiten (they/you).
she; they
Sie arbeitet im Krankenhaus.
She works at a hospital.
12es
Pronoun for das-nouns and for weather and time expressions.
it
Es regnet schon wieder.
It's raining again.
13wirwe
Wir treffen uns um acht.
We're meeting at eight.
14ihr
For talking to several people you'd each call du. The same form ihr also means 'her' and 'their' as a possessive.
you (plural, informal)
Habt ihr Hunger?
Are you guys hungry?
15sein
Very irregular: ich bin, du bist, er ist, wir sind, ihr seid, sie sind.
to be
Ich bin müde.
I'm tired.
16haben
Irregular: ich habe, du hast, er hat, wir haben.
to have
Ich habe eine Frage.
I have a question.
17undand
Brot und Käse, bitte.
Bread and cheese, please.
18oder
Tacked on at the end (…, oder?) it means 'right?'
or
Tee oder Kaffee?
Tea or coffee?
19aberbut
Das Zimmer ist klein, aber hell.
The room is small but bright.
20nicht
Negates verbs, adjectives and adverbs; to negate a noun with ein or no article you need kein.
not
Das weiß ich nicht.
I don't know that.
21kein
Negates nouns and takes ein-endings: kein Geld, keine Zeit, keinen Zucker.
no, not any
Wir haben keinen Zucker mehr.
We don't have any sugar left.
22auch
Stands next to the word it refers to, never tacked on at the end like English 'too'.
also, too
Ich komme auch mit.
I'm coming too.
23sehr
Only with adjectives and adverbs. For 'a lot' with a noun or verb, use viel.
very
Das Essen war sehr gut.
The food was very good.
24viel
viel with uncountables (viel Arbeit), viele with countables (viele Leute).
much, a lot
Er redet viel.
He talks a lot.
25gut
Irregular comparison: besser, am besten.
good, well
Schlaf gut!
Sleep well!
26schlecht
Mir ist schlecht means 'I feel sick', not 'I am bad'.
bad, badly
Das Wetter ist heute schlecht.
The weather is bad today.
27schön
Also in set wishes: Schönes Wochenende! Schönen Feierabend!
beautiful, nice, lovely
Die Wohnung ist hell und schön.
The flat is bright and lovely.
28groß
With people it means 'tall' (or 'grown-up'), never 'fat' — that's dick.
big; tall
Mein Bruder ist sehr groß.
My brother is very tall.
29kleinsmall, little
Der Hund ist noch klein.
The dog is still small.
30neunew
Mein Fahrrad ist neu.
My bike is new.
31alt
Used for people and things; Wie alt bist du? is the standard way to ask someone's age.
old
Wie alt bist du?
How old are you?
32wer
Don't mix it up with English 'where' — that's wo.
who
Wer ist das?
Who is that?
33was
A bare Was? when you didn't understand sounds blunt; say Wie bitte?
what
Was machst du gerade?
What are you doing right now?
34wo
wo = where something is; wohin = where to; woher = where from.
where
Wo bist du?
Where are you?
35wann
wann is the question word; in statements 'when' is wenn or als.
when
Wann fährt der Zug?
When does the train leave?
36wie
German asks 'how are you called', so wie, not was.
how
Wie heißt du?
What's your name?
37warum
Wieso is just as common in speech.
why
Warum lachst du?
Why are you laughing?
38hierhere
Hier ist es zu laut.
It's too loud here.
39da
Also means 'present, in': Ist sie da? — Is she in?
there; here, present
Da kommt der Bus.
Here comes the bus.
40jetztnow
Ich muss jetzt los.
I have to go now.
41heutetoday
Heute habe ich frei.
I have the day off today.
42morgen
Lowercase morgen = tomorrow; der Morgen = the morning. Morgen früh = tomorrow morning.
tomorrow
Bis morgen!
See you tomorrow!
43gesternyesterday
Gestern war ich im Kino.
Yesterday I went to the cinema.
44immeralways
Sie kommt immer zu spät.
She's always late.
45nie
noch nie = never (up to now); niemals is the emphatic form.
never
Ich war noch nie in Wien.
I've never been to Vienna.
46oftoften
Fährst du oft mit dem Rad?
Do you often go by bike?
47manchmalsometimes
Manchmal koche ich selbst.
Sometimes I cook myself.
48machen
Regular, and everywhere: Pause machen, Urlaub machen, Das macht fünf Euro.
to do, to make
Mach bitte das Fenster zu.
Please close the window.
49gehen
Movement on foot. Also 'to be possible': Das geht nicht = That won't work.
to go, to walk
Gehen wir zu Fuß?
Shall we walk?
50kommen
Ich komme aus … = I'm from …
to come
Ich komme gleich.
I'm coming in a moment.
51fahren
Irregular: du fährst, er fährt. Use it for trains, bikes and cars, not for walking.
to go (by vehicle), to drive
Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Arbeit.
I take the bus to work.
52sehen
Irregular: du siehst, er sieht.
to see
Ich sehe nichts.
I can't see anything.
53sagen
Sag mal, … is a common way to open a question in speech.
to say, to tell
Sag das bitte noch mal.
Please say that again.
54sprechen
Irregular: du sprichst, er spricht.
to speak
Sprichst du Deutsch?
Do you speak German?
55essen
Irregular: du isst, er isst.
to eat
Wir essen um sieben.
We eat at seven.
56trinken
Regular. noch ein(en) … = another one.
to drink
Trinkst du noch einen Kaffee?
Are you having another coffee?
57wohnen
wohnen = where your home is; leben = to be alive or to live somewhere in general.
to live, to reside
Ich wohne allein.
I live alone.
58arbeiten
du arbeitest, er arbeitet — the extra -e- makes the ending pronounceable.
to work
Er arbeitet bei der Post.
He works for the postal service.
59kaufen
einkaufen = to do the shopping.
to buy
Kaufst du das wirklich?
Are you really buying that?
60lernen
studieren only means 'to study at university'.
to learn, to study
Ich lerne seit zwei Jahren Deutsch.
I've been learning German for two years.
61wissen
Irregular: ich weiß, du weißt, er weiß, wir wissen.
to know (a fact)
Weißt du, wie spät es ist?
Do you know what time it is?
62kennen
kennen = be acquainted with; wissen = know a piece of information.
to know (a person or place)
Kennst du den Film?
Do you know that film?
63mögen
ich mag, du magst, er mag. The subjunctive form möchte means 'would like' and is what you use when ordering.
to like
Ich mag keinen Fisch.
I don't like fish.
64wollen
ich will, du willst, er will. Ich will can sound blunt — ich möchte is politer.
to want
Willst du mitkommen?
Do you want to come along?
65können
ich kann, du kannst, er kann. Also used for languages: Ich kann Deutsch.
can, to be able to
Kannst du mir helfen?
Can you help me?
66müssen
ich muss, du musst, er muss. For 'don't have to' say nicht müssen or brauchen … nicht.
must, to have to
Ich muss noch einkaufen.
I still have to do the shopping.
67dürfen
ich darf, du darfst, er darf. Darf ich …? is the polite way to ask permission.
may, to be allowed to
Darf ich hier rauchen?
Am I allowed to smoke here?
68schlafen
Irregular: du schläfst, er schläft.
to sleep
Das Kind schläft schon.
The child is already asleep.
69der Mann
Plural: die Männer. Mein Mann = my husband.
man; husband
Der Mann am Fenster liest Zeitung.
The man by the window is reading the paper.
70die Frau
Plural: die Frauen. Frau + surname is the formal 'Mrs/Ms'.
woman; wife
Meine Frau kommt später.
My wife is coming later.
71das Kind
Plural: die Kinder.
child
Das Kind ist drei Jahre alt.
The child is three years old.
72der Freund
Plural: die Freunde; female die Freundin. Mein Freund usually means 'my boyfriend' — say ein Freund von mir for a platonic friend.
friend; boyfriend
Er ist ein guter Freund.
He's a good friend.
73die Familie
Plural: die Familien. Four syllables, stress on the second: Fa-MI-li-e.
family
Die ganze Familie war da.
The whole family was there.
74das Haus
Plural: die Häuser. nach Hause = (going) home; zu Hause = at home.
house
Sie haben ein Haus am See.
They have a house by the lake.
75die Wohnung
Plural: die Wohnungen. Most city Germans live in a Wohnung, not a Haus.
flat, apartment
Die Wohnung ist zu teuer.
The flat is too expensive.
76die Stadt
Plural: die Städte. in die Stadt gehen = to go into town.
city, town
Die Stadt ist am Wochenende voll.
The city is packed at the weekend.
77das Land
Plural: die Länder. auf dem Land = in the countryside.
country; countryside; federal state
In welchem Land bist du geboren?
Which country were you born in?
78die Straße
Plural: die Straßen. Abbreviated -str. in addresses: Hafenstr. 12.
street, road
Die Straße ist gesperrt.
The road is closed.
79der Zug
Plural: die Züge.
train
Der Zug hat zwanzig Minuten Verspätung.
The train is twenty minutes late.
80das Auto
Plural: die Autos. der Wagen is the slightly more formal word.
car
Wir nehmen besser das Auto.
We'd better take the car.
81die Arbeit
Usually singular. For one particular job people say der Job or die Stelle.
work, job
Nach der Arbeit gehe ich schwimmen.
After work I go swimming.
82die Schule
Plural: die Schulen. in der Schule = at school; in die Schule = to school.
school
Meine Tochter kommt bald in die Schule.
My daughter starts school soon.
83das Geld
No plural in everyday use.
money
Hast du Geld dabei?
Have you got money on you?
84das Wasser
Ordering Wasser in a restaurant usually gets you sparkling mineral water — ask for stilles Wasser if you want it flat.
water
Das Wasser ist noch kalt.
The water is still cold.
85das Brot
Plural: die Brote (loaves/kinds of bread). A bread roll is ein Brötchen.
bread
Das Brot ist von gestern.
The bread is from yesterday.
86der Kaffee
In Germany the stress is usually on the first syllable: KA-ffee.
coffee
Ich brauche erst mal einen Kaffee.
First of all I need a coffee.
87das Essen
The infinitive essen turned into a noun. essen gehen = to go out to eat.
food, meal
Das Essen war lecker.
The food was delicious.
88der Tag
Plural: die Tage. Guten Tag is the neutral, polite greeting.
day
Schönen Tag noch!
Have a nice day!
89die Nacht
Plural: die Nächte. Gute Nacht is only said to someone going to bed, not as a goodbye.
night
Gute Nacht!
Good night!
90die Woche
Plural: die Wochen. am Wochenende = at the weekend.
week
Nächste Woche bin ich im Urlaub.
Next week I'm on holiday.
91das Jahr
Plural: die Jahre. Ich bin dreißig Jahre alt.
year
Ich bin seit einem Jahr hier.
I've been here for a year.
92die Zeit
For clock time you ask Wie spät ist es? — not Was ist die Zeit?
time
Ich habe gerade keine Zeit.
I don't have time right now.
93die Stunde
Plural: die Stunden. Don't confuse it with die Uhr (clock, o'clock).
hour
Der Film dauert zwei Stunden.
The film lasts two hours.
94mit
Always takes the dative: mit mir, mit dir, mit dem Bus.
with; by (transport)
Ich gehe mit meinem Bruder ins Kino.
I'm going to the cinema with my brother.
95ohne
Takes the accusative: ohne mich, ohne dich.
without
Ich trinke den Tee ohne Zucker.
I drink the tea without sugar.
96für
Takes the accusative: für mich, für einen Freund.
for
Das ist für dich.
That's for you.
97in
Dative for a location (in der Küche), accusative for movement (in die Küche).
in, into
Sie ist in der Küche.
She's in the kitchen.
98auf
Same dative/accusative split as in. auf Deutsch = in German.
on, on top of
Der Schlüssel liegt auf dem Tisch.
The key is on the table.
99von
Takes the dative; in speech it often replaces the genitive: der Freund von meiner Schwester.
from, of, by
Das ist ein Geschenk von meiner Oma.
That's a present from my grandma.
100zu
As a preposition it takes the dative (zu mir, zum Arzt); as an adverb it means 'too': zu teuer, zu laut.
to; too (excessively)
Ich fahre zu meinen Eltern.
I'm going to my parents' place.
Annika Vogel
Native German · Speaks English, Dutch

Hamburg native. I spent years explaining German word order to exchange students and still enjoy it. My decks favour the words you hear on the U-Bahn over the ones in textbooks.

Published

Questions about this deck

How do I know whether a German noun is der, die or das?
You mostly have to learn the article with the word, which is why every noun card here shows the article and the plural. A few endings help: -ung, -heit, -keit, -schaft and most nouns ending in -e are die (die Wohnung, die Straße); -chen and -ment are das (das Brötchen); days, months and seasons are der (der Tag, der Montag, der Sommer). Learn nouns as chunks — 'die Wohnung, die Wohnungen', never just 'Wohnung'.
When do I use nicht and when kein?
Use kein to negate a noun that would otherwise have ein or no article: Ich habe kein Auto, Wir haben keine Zeit. It takes ein-endings (kein, keine, keinen, keinem). Use nicht for everything else — verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns with a definite article or a possessive: Ich arbeite nicht, Das ist nicht teuer, Ich kenne den Film nicht. Nicht stands directly before the word it negates, and otherwise near the end of the clause.
Should I say du or Sie with these words?
Say du to friends, family, children, people your own age in casual settings and, in most workplaces, to colleagues. Say Sie to adults you don't know, at the doctor's, in offices and banks, and to anyone you address as Herr or Frau. Sie takes the verb form that looks like the infinitive: Können Sie mir helfen? If you're unsure, start with Sie — the other person will offer 'Wir können uns duzen' when they want to switch.
Why does the verb move around in the example sentences?
In a statement the conjugated verb is always the second element: Ich muss jetzt los, Heute habe ich frei — when you start with Heute, the verb still comes second and the subject moves behind it. In yes/no questions the verb comes first (Kommst du mit?), and in commands too (Mach bitte das Fenster zu). Modal verbs like müssen, können and wollen push the second verb to the very end as an infinitive: Ich muss noch einkaufen.
Tags:everyday german

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