100 Basic German Words for Beginners (A1)
🇩🇪 German · 100 cards · A1 · by Annika Vogel
These are the words I would hand anyone who has just moved here: roughly a hundred items you hear on the U-Bahn, at the bakery counter and in every office kitchen. The small words come first — pronouns, nicht and kein, the question words — because they carry more of a German sentence than any noun does. The verbs come with their irregular present-tense forms in the note, and the nouns with their article and plural, because a German noun without its gender is only half learned. Read each example out loud and memorise the whole sentence, not just the word: that way the word order comes along for free.
Flip through the cards, then switch to Quiz. Tap the play button on any row to hear it. The full table below is there to read, print or copy into your own flashcard app.
The Reji iPhone app is being rebuilt and returns to the App Store soon.
All 100 cards
| # | German | English | Example | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ja | yes | Ja, das stimmt. Yes, that's right. | |
| 2 | nein | no | Nein, das geht leider nicht. No, unfortunately that doesn't work. | |
| 3 | hallo Informal but usable all day and with most strangers; in the south you'll hear Grüß Gott instead. | hello, hi | Hallo, wie geht's? Hi, how are you? | |
| 4 | tschüss Informal. Auf Wiedersehen is the formal version. | bye | Tschüss, bis morgen! Bye, see you tomorrow! | |
| 5 | danke Danke schön or vielen Dank sound a little warmer. | thanks, thank you | Danke für den Kaffee. Thanks for the coffee. | |
| 6 | bitte One word, three jobs: request, answer to danke, and handing something over. | please; you're welcome; here you are | Einen Kaffee, bitte. A coffee, please. | |
| 7 | Entschuldigung Noun: die Entschuldigung, plural die Entschuldigungen. Used both to get someone's attention and to apologise. | excuse me, sorry | Entschuldigung, wo ist der Bahnhof? Excuse me, where is the station? | |
| 8 | ich Only capitalised at the start of a sentence, unlike English 'I'. | I | Ich komme aus Hamburg. I'm from Hamburg. | |
| 9 | du Use du with friends, family, children and colleagues your own age; use Sie with strangers and in shops or offices. | you (one person, informal) | Kommst du mit? Are you coming along? | |
| 10 | er Also 'it' for der-nouns: Der Zug? Er kommt gleich. | he | Er wohnt in Berlin. He lives in Berlin. | |
| 11 | sie Capitalised Sie is formal 'you'. The verb ending tells you which is meant: sie arbeitet (she) vs. sie/Sie arbeiten (they/you). | she; they | Sie arbeitet im Krankenhaus. She works at a hospital. | |
| 12 | es Pronoun for das-nouns and for weather and time expressions. | it | Es regnet schon wieder. It's raining again. | |
| 13 | wir | we | Wir treffen uns um acht. We're meeting at eight. | |
| 14 | ihr For talking to several people you'd each call du. The same form ihr also means 'her' and 'their' as a possessive. | you (plural, informal) | Habt ihr Hunger? Are you guys hungry? | |
| 15 | sein Very irregular: ich bin, du bist, er ist, wir sind, ihr seid, sie sind. | to be | Ich bin müde. I'm tired. | |
| 16 | haben Irregular: ich habe, du hast, er hat, wir haben. | to have | Ich habe eine Frage. I have a question. | |
| 17 | und | and | Brot und Käse, bitte. Bread and cheese, please. | |
| 18 | oder Tacked on at the end (…, oder?) it means 'right?' | or | Tee oder Kaffee? Tea or coffee? | |
| 19 | aber | but | Das Zimmer ist klein, aber hell. The room is small but bright. | |
| 20 | nicht Negates verbs, adjectives and adverbs; to negate a noun with ein or no article you need kein. | not | Das weiß ich nicht. I don't know that. | |
| 21 | kein Negates nouns and takes ein-endings: kein Geld, keine Zeit, keinen Zucker. | no, not any | Wir haben keinen Zucker mehr. We don't have any sugar left. | |
| 22 | auch Stands next to the word it refers to, never tacked on at the end like English 'too'. | also, too | Ich komme auch mit. I'm coming too. | |
| 23 | sehr Only with adjectives and adverbs. For 'a lot' with a noun or verb, use viel. | very | Das Essen war sehr gut. The food was very good. | |
| 24 | viel viel with uncountables (viel Arbeit), viele with countables (viele Leute). | much, a lot | Er redet viel. He talks a lot. | |
| 25 | gut Irregular comparison: besser, am besten. | good, well | Schlaf gut! Sleep well! | |
| 26 | schlecht Mir ist schlecht means 'I feel sick', not 'I am bad'. | bad, badly | Das Wetter ist heute schlecht. The weather is bad today. | |
| 27 | schön Also in set wishes: Schönes Wochenende! Schönen Feierabend! | beautiful, nice, lovely | Die Wohnung ist hell und schön. The flat is bright and lovely. | |
| 28 | groß With people it means 'tall' (or 'grown-up'), never 'fat' — that's dick. | big; tall | Mein Bruder ist sehr groß. My brother is very tall. | |
| 29 | klein | small, little | Der Hund ist noch klein. The dog is still small. | |
| 30 | neu | new | Mein Fahrrad ist neu. My bike is new. | |
| 31 | alt Used for people and things; Wie alt bist du? is the standard way to ask someone's age. | old | Wie alt bist du? How old are you? | |
| 32 | wer Don't mix it up with English 'where' — that's wo. | who | Wer ist das? Who is that? | |
| 33 | was A bare Was? when you didn't understand sounds blunt; say Wie bitte? | what | Was machst du gerade? What are you doing right now? | |
| 34 | wo wo = where something is; wohin = where to; woher = where from. | where | Wo bist du? Where are you? | |
| 35 | wann wann is the question word; in statements 'when' is wenn or als. | when | Wann fährt der Zug? When does the train leave? | |
| 36 | wie German asks 'how are you called', so wie, not was. | how | Wie heißt du? What's your name? | |
| 37 | warum Wieso is just as common in speech. | why | Warum lachst du? Why are you laughing? | |
| 38 | hier | here | Hier ist es zu laut. It's too loud here. | |
| 39 | da Also means 'present, in': Ist sie da? — Is she in? | there; here, present | Da kommt der Bus. Here comes the bus. | |
| 40 | jetzt | now | Ich muss jetzt los. I have to go now. | |
| 41 | heute | today | Heute habe ich frei. I have the day off today. | |
| 42 | morgen Lowercase morgen = tomorrow; der Morgen = the morning. Morgen früh = tomorrow morning. | tomorrow | Bis morgen! See you tomorrow! | |
| 43 | gestern | yesterday | Gestern war ich im Kino. Yesterday I went to the cinema. | |
| 44 | immer | always | Sie kommt immer zu spät. She's always late. | |
| 45 | nie noch nie = never (up to now); niemals is the emphatic form. | never | Ich war noch nie in Wien. I've never been to Vienna. | |
| 46 | oft | often | Fährst du oft mit dem Rad? Do you often go by bike? | |
| 47 | manchmal | sometimes | Manchmal koche ich selbst. Sometimes I cook myself. | |
| 48 | machen Regular, and everywhere: Pause machen, Urlaub machen, Das macht fünf Euro. | to do, to make | Mach bitte das Fenster zu. Please close the window. | |
| 49 | gehen Movement on foot. Also 'to be possible': Das geht nicht = That won't work. | to go, to walk | Gehen wir zu Fuß? Shall we walk? | |
| 50 | kommen Ich komme aus … = I'm from … | to come | Ich komme gleich. I'm coming in a moment. | |
| 51 | fahren Irregular: du fährst, er fährt. Use it for trains, bikes and cars, not for walking. | to go (by vehicle), to drive | Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Arbeit. I take the bus to work. | |
| 52 | sehen Irregular: du siehst, er sieht. | to see | Ich sehe nichts. I can't see anything. | |
| 53 | sagen Sag mal, … is a common way to open a question in speech. | to say, to tell | Sag das bitte noch mal. Please say that again. | |
| 54 | sprechen Irregular: du sprichst, er spricht. | to speak | Sprichst du Deutsch? Do you speak German? | |
| 55 | essen Irregular: du isst, er isst. | to eat | Wir essen um sieben. We eat at seven. | |
| 56 | trinken Regular. noch ein(en) … = another one. | to drink | Trinkst du noch einen Kaffee? Are you having another coffee? | |
| 57 | wohnen wohnen = where your home is; leben = to be alive or to live somewhere in general. | to live, to reside | Ich wohne allein. I live alone. | |
| 58 | arbeiten du arbeitest, er arbeitet — the extra -e- makes the ending pronounceable. | to work | Er arbeitet bei der Post. He works for the postal service. | |
| 59 | kaufen einkaufen = to do the shopping. | to buy | Kaufst du das wirklich? Are you really buying that? | |
| 60 | lernen studieren only means 'to study at university'. | to learn, to study | Ich lerne seit zwei Jahren Deutsch. I've been learning German for two years. | |
| 61 | wissen Irregular: ich weiß, du weißt, er weiß, wir wissen. | to know (a fact) | Weißt du, wie spät es ist? Do you know what time it is? | |
| 62 | kennen kennen = be acquainted with; wissen = know a piece of information. | to know (a person or place) | Kennst du den Film? Do you know that film? | |
| 63 | mögen ich mag, du magst, er mag. The subjunctive form möchte means 'would like' and is what you use when ordering. | to like | Ich mag keinen Fisch. I don't like fish. | |
| 64 | wollen ich will, du willst, er will. Ich will can sound blunt — ich möchte is politer. | to want | Willst du mitkommen? Do you want to come along? | |
| 65 | können ich kann, du kannst, er kann. Also used for languages: Ich kann Deutsch. | can, to be able to | Kannst du mir helfen? Can you help me? | |
| 66 | müssen ich muss, du musst, er muss. For 'don't have to' say nicht müssen or brauchen … nicht. | must, to have to | Ich muss noch einkaufen. I still have to do the shopping. | |
| 67 | dürfen ich darf, du darfst, er darf. Darf ich …? is the polite way to ask permission. | may, to be allowed to | Darf ich hier rauchen? Am I allowed to smoke here? | |
| 68 | schlafen Irregular: du schläfst, er schläft. | to sleep | Das Kind schläft schon. The child is already asleep. | |
| 69 | der Mann Plural: die Männer. Mein Mann = my husband. | man; husband | Der Mann am Fenster liest Zeitung. The man by the window is reading the paper. | |
| 70 | die Frau Plural: die Frauen. Frau + surname is the formal 'Mrs/Ms'. | woman; wife | Meine Frau kommt später. My wife is coming later. | |
| 71 | das Kind Plural: die Kinder. | child | Das Kind ist drei Jahre alt. The child is three years old. | |
| 72 | der Freund Plural: die Freunde; female die Freundin. Mein Freund usually means 'my boyfriend' — say ein Freund von mir for a platonic friend. | friend; boyfriend | Er ist ein guter Freund. He's a good friend. | |
| 73 | die Familie Plural: die Familien. Four syllables, stress on the second: Fa-MI-li-e. | family | Die ganze Familie war da. The whole family was there. | |
| 74 | das Haus Plural: die Häuser. nach Hause = (going) home; zu Hause = at home. | house | Sie haben ein Haus am See. They have a house by the lake. | |
| 75 | die Wohnung Plural: die Wohnungen. Most city Germans live in a Wohnung, not a Haus. | flat, apartment | Die Wohnung ist zu teuer. The flat is too expensive. | |
| 76 | die Stadt Plural: die Städte. in die Stadt gehen = to go into town. | city, town | Die Stadt ist am Wochenende voll. The city is packed at the weekend. | |
| 77 | das Land Plural: die Länder. auf dem Land = in the countryside. | country; countryside; federal state | In welchem Land bist du geboren? Which country were you born in? | |
| 78 | die Straße Plural: die Straßen. Abbreviated -str. in addresses: Hafenstr. 12. | street, road | Die Straße ist gesperrt. The road is closed. | |
| 79 | der Zug Plural: die Züge. | train | Der Zug hat zwanzig Minuten Verspätung. The train is twenty minutes late. | |
| 80 | das Auto Plural: die Autos. der Wagen is the slightly more formal word. | car | Wir nehmen besser das Auto. We'd better take the car. | |
| 81 | die Arbeit Usually singular. For one particular job people say der Job or die Stelle. | work, job | Nach der Arbeit gehe ich schwimmen. After work I go swimming. | |
| 82 | die Schule Plural: die Schulen. in der Schule = at school; in die Schule = to school. | school | Meine Tochter kommt bald in die Schule. My daughter starts school soon. | |
| 83 | das Geld No plural in everyday use. | money | Hast du Geld dabei? Have you got money on you? | |
| 84 | das Wasser Ordering Wasser in a restaurant usually gets you sparkling mineral water — ask for stilles Wasser if you want it flat. | water | Das Wasser ist noch kalt. The water is still cold. | |
| 85 | das Brot Plural: die Brote (loaves/kinds of bread). A bread roll is ein Brötchen. | bread | Das Brot ist von gestern. The bread is from yesterday. | |
| 86 | der Kaffee In Germany the stress is usually on the first syllable: KA-ffee. | coffee | Ich brauche erst mal einen Kaffee. First of all I need a coffee. | |
| 87 | das Essen The infinitive essen turned into a noun. essen gehen = to go out to eat. | food, meal | Das Essen war lecker. The food was delicious. | |
| 88 | der Tag Plural: die Tage. Guten Tag is the neutral, polite greeting. | day | Schönen Tag noch! Have a nice day! | |
| 89 | die Nacht Plural: die Nächte. Gute Nacht is only said to someone going to bed, not as a goodbye. | night | Gute Nacht! Good night! | |
| 90 | die Woche Plural: die Wochen. am Wochenende = at the weekend. | week | Nächste Woche bin ich im Urlaub. Next week I'm on holiday. | |
| 91 | das Jahr Plural: die Jahre. Ich bin dreißig Jahre alt. | year | Ich bin seit einem Jahr hier. I've been here for a year. | |
| 92 | die Zeit For clock time you ask Wie spät ist es? — not Was ist die Zeit? | time | Ich habe gerade keine Zeit. I don't have time right now. | |
| 93 | die Stunde Plural: die Stunden. Don't confuse it with die Uhr (clock, o'clock). | hour | Der Film dauert zwei Stunden. The film lasts two hours. | |
| 94 | mit Always takes the dative: mit mir, mit dir, mit dem Bus. | with; by (transport) | Ich gehe mit meinem Bruder ins Kino. I'm going to the cinema with my brother. | |
| 95 | ohne Takes the accusative: ohne mich, ohne dich. | without | Ich trinke den Tee ohne Zucker. I drink the tea without sugar. | |
| 96 | für Takes the accusative: für mich, für einen Freund. | for | Das ist für dich. That's for you. | |
| 97 | in Dative for a location (in der Küche), accusative for movement (in die Küche). | in, into | Sie ist in der Küche. She's in the kitchen. | |
| 98 | auf Same dative/accusative split as in. auf Deutsch = in German. | on, on top of | Der Schlüssel liegt auf dem Tisch. The key is on the table. | |
| 99 | von Takes the dative; in speech it often replaces the genitive: der Freund von meiner Schwester. | from, of, by | Das ist ein Geschenk von meiner Oma. That's a present from my grandma. | |
| 100 | zu As a preposition it takes the dative (zu mir, zum Arzt); as an adverb it means 'too': zu teuer, zu laut. | to; too (excessively) | Ich fahre zu meinen Eltern. I'm going to my parents' place. |
Hamburg native. I spent years explaining German word order to exchange students and still enjoy it. My decks favour the words you hear on the U-Bahn over the ones in textbooks.
Questions about this deck
- How do I know whether a German noun is der, die or das?
- You mostly have to learn the article with the word, which is why every noun card here shows the article and the plural. A few endings help: -ung, -heit, -keit, -schaft and most nouns ending in -e are die (die Wohnung, die Straße); -chen and -ment are das (das Brötchen); days, months and seasons are der (der Tag, der Montag, der Sommer). Learn nouns as chunks — 'die Wohnung, die Wohnungen', never just 'Wohnung'.
- When do I use nicht and when kein?
- Use kein to negate a noun that would otherwise have ein or no article: Ich habe kein Auto, Wir haben keine Zeit. It takes ein-endings (kein, keine, keinen, keinem). Use nicht for everything else — verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and nouns with a definite article or a possessive: Ich arbeite nicht, Das ist nicht teuer, Ich kenne den Film nicht. Nicht stands directly before the word it negates, and otherwise near the end of the clause.
- Should I say du or Sie with these words?
- Say du to friends, family, children, people your own age in casual settings and, in most workplaces, to colleagues. Say Sie to adults you don't know, at the doctor's, in offices and banks, and to anyone you address as Herr or Frau. Sie takes the verb form that looks like the infinitive: Können Sie mir helfen? If you're unsure, start with Sie — the other person will offer 'Wir können uns duzen' when they want to switch.
- Why does the verb move around in the example sentences?
- In a statement the conjugated verb is always the second element: Ich muss jetzt los, Heute habe ich frei — when you start with Heute, the verb still comes second and the subject moves behind it. In yes/no questions the verb comes first (Kommst du mit?), and in commands too (Mach bitte das Fenster zu). Modal verbs like müssen, können and wollen push the second verb to the very end as an infinitive: Ich muss noch einkaufen.
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